Das erkennbarste Element der Fensterparameter ist der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient, der mit dem Symbol U gekennzeichnet ist. Dieser Parameter sollte bei der Auswahl der Fenstertischlerei berücksichtigt werden.
Abhängig von der Art der Konstruktion, in die die Fenster eingebaut werden sollen, wählen wir sie anhand dieses Indikators aus.
Ein anderer Parameter sollte Fenster für ein passives, energieeffizientes Haus haben und ein anderer für ein revitalisiertes Haus.
Einfamilienhäuser verbrauchen bis zu 80 Prozent Energie in erster Linie, um Ihr Zuhause zu heizen. Dieser hohe Energieverbrauch wird durch Wärmeverluste verursacht, die durch Wände, Fenster und sogar das Dach entweichen. Glücklicherweise kann eine gut geplante Wand- und Dachisolierung um bis zu 40 Prozent reduziert werden. Gesamtwärmeverlust im Gebäude. Dank einiger Maßnahmen – Isolierung, Abdichtung, Fensterwechsel – können Sie die daraus resultierenden Verluste minimieren und so Ihre Heizkosten senken.
In diesem Artikel möchten Sie eine umfassende Antwort zu diesem Thema geben.
U-Faktor – Wovon hängt der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient ab?
Der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U ist das Ergebnis vieler Faktoren. Der Wert dieses Parameters wird unter anderem von beeinflusst
verwendete Verglasungen, Abstandhalter, Material zur Herstellung von Fensterrahmen sowie Dichtungen und Beschläge.
Parameter, die den Gesamt-U-Faktor beeinflussen:
Uw – Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des gesamten Fensters
Bei Fenstern werden der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des gesamten Fensters (Uw), der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient der Scheibe (Ug) und der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des Rahmens (Uf) unterschieden. Der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des gesamten Fensters (Uw) ist der wichtigste Parameter, und sein Wert sollte für den Kauf von Fensterschreinereien ausschlaggebend sein. Der Wert von Uw wird sowohl vom Wert von Ug als auch von Uf beeinflusst.
Ug – Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient der Verglasung
Der Wert des Ug-Parameters ergibt sich unter anderem von der Art der verwendeten Verglasung. Die beste Wärmedämmung zeigen Fenster mit mehr Glasscheiben, beispielsweise 3-Scheiben- oder sogar 4-Scheiben-Pakete. Fensterschreinerei mit 3-Glas-Paketen erfreut sich zunehmender Beliebtheit, da der Anteil von Glas an den Gesamtkosten nicht den höchsten Preis erzielt und die größte Änderung zugunsten des gesamten Fensterparameters bewirkt ist Argon Edelgas, es ist auch möglich, es ein bisschen teurer zu verwenden – Krypton, was auch die akustischen Parameter des Fensters verbessert. Um den Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten zu verringern, können Sie warme Abstandhalter verwenden, die die Glasscheiben voneinander trennen und die Kanten des Isolierglases effektiv abdichten. In der modernen Bauweise werden Verglasungen eingesetzt, die folgende Parameter haben:
- Doppelt verglastes Isolierglas mit Argonfüllung 24 mm: 1,1 W / (m2 · K),
- 3-Scheiben-Isolierglas, gefüllt mit Argon 36 mm: 0,7 W / (m2 · K).
- Dreifach isoliertes Glas, gefüllt mit 44 mm Argon: 0,6 W / (m2 · K),
- Dreifach isoliertes Glas, gefüllt mit Argon 48 – 52 mm: 0,5 W / (m2 · K),
Uf – Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des Rahmens
Der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des Rahmens (bei PVC- und Aluminiumfenstern) (Uf) wird hauptsächlich von der Anzahl der Kammern im Profil in Kombination mit seiner Breite und der Art der verwendeten Bewehrung beeinflusst, die möglicherweise zusätzliche Wärmedämmeigenschaften aufweisen. Je mehr Kammern sich im Profil befinden, desto besser passt es sich theoretisch der Breite des Profils an. Die am häufigsten verwendeten Lösungen sind Profile mit einer Bautiefe von 68-80 mm, sie haben dann 5 Kammern und 80-100 mm Profile, die 6 oder mehr Kammern haben. Standardmäßig werden Stahlbewehrungen in die Profile eingebaut, der Stahl weist jedoch eine relativ hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf, was sich nicht positiv auf die Wärmestruktur von Fensterkonstruktionen auswirkt. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, schlagen die Fensterhersteller vor, Stahlbewehrungen durch Verbundprodukte mit einer um bis zu 50% niedrigeren Wärmeleitfähigkeit zu ersetzen als die Leitfähigkeit von Stahl. Eine andere Möglichkeit, Uf zu reduzieren, besteht darin, Isoliermaterial in die Kammern einzuführen, beispielsweise Polyurethanschaum, der den Rahmenraum vollständig ausfüllt. Für den Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten des Rahmens sind Fenster mit einer Uf von 1,0 W / (m2 * K) oder weniger am besten geeignet.
Ist es Zeit, die Fenster auszutauschen?
Die meiste Wärme entweicht aus dem Haus durch schlecht ausgewählte, undichte Fenster. Aber auch neue Fenster sind keine Garantie für eine gute Dämmung – wenn sie schlechte Parameter haben. Fenster und Türen sind eine weitere Möglichkeit, Wärme von zu Hause abzuleiten. Auf diese Weise verlieren wir viel, bis zu 20-30 Prozent. erwärmen.
Nachdem Sie diesen Artikel gelesen haben, können Sie die Parameter der vorgeschlagenen Lösungen genauer analysieren.
In den folgenden Artikeln werde ich versuchen, bestimmte Produkte, die der Markt anbietet, bestimmten Herstellern vorzustellen.
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